Health Record Rights Index · country brief · this country's data as of 2026-10-02
Who holds the health record in Italy?
In 2026, Italy scores 63 of 100 on a person's right to see, control and share their own health record: rank 11= of 198 countries (likely range 5 to 31), in the Mixed band (45 to 64). Who holds the keys: Shared. Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of 2026-10-02.
The person has real controls inside a state or provider system. Its strongest right against the other countries is patient control and consent (72, against a median of 30 across 198 countries); no right falls below the median, and the closest to it is research and trial consent (50, median 46).
Italians can hide documents and read who opened their regional record, but fewer than half let doctors see it.
Published · updated · this country's data as of 2026-10-02 · research tool, not legal advice
63overall, of 100 · Mixed
11=rank of 198
Sharedwho holds the keys
mediumconfidence
89 · Goldevidence grade (DTI)
Can I get my health records in Italy?
Access to the full record scores 68 of 100 in Italy, against a median of 43 across 198 countries. Law 24/2017 obliges providers to release records within seven days, and every regional FSE shows lab, discharge and ER reports. Italy scored 84.1 on the EU record-access indicator (EU 82.7), but the full hospital chart is online in only 6 of 21 regions.
Can I control who sees my health record in Italy?
Control and consent scores 72 of 100 in Italy, against a median of 30 across 198 countries. Clinicians may consult the FSE only after the patient gives explicit, revocable consent, and patients can hide any document online and read the access log, both available in all 21 regions. Documents still flow into the FSE automatically without consent.
Eight rights, against Belgium, Germany, Turkey and the EU
Patient access to the full record20%
68
68 · 64 · 74
Patient control and consent20%
72
72 · 66 · 62
Privacy and security15%
56
54 · 58 · 50
Connected care journey15%
66
68 · 66 · 80
Protection from commercial use10%
60
54 · 70 · 55
Clinician access at the point of care10%
50
62 · 62 · 64
Research and trial consent5%
50
49 · 50 · 44
Clinical AI governance5%
54
50 · 50 · 50
Black dot: Italy. Hollow dots: Belgium, Germany, Turkey (scores on the right, same order). Grey line: median of all 198 countries. Dashed teal line: EU median. Overall: Italy 63, EU median 61. Scores move in steps of about 5; read the rank with its likely range.
What would Italy need to change to score higher?
Italy sits in Mixed (45 to 64); Strong starts at 65. The two rights furthest below the 198-country median, weighted, are research and trial consent (50, median 46) and clinical AI governance (54, median 30). The published rubric reads:
Research and trial consent: A general opt-out that is honoured, or dynamic or opt-in consent, with a public register of research uses: 55 to 85.
Clinical AI governance: Device regulation of clinical AI with change control and human oversight in force, plus national rules where EU law leaves gaps.
Which laws give health record rights in Italy?
Legge 8 marzo 2017, n. 24 (Gelli-Bianco), art. 4 (2017): Facilities must supply the patient's records within seven days, additions within 30 days.
Decreto-legge 18 ottobre 2012, n. 179, art. 12, as amended by DL 19 maggio 2020, n. 34, art. 11 (2012): Creates the FSE; since 2020 it is fed continuously by all treating professionals.
Decreto 7 settembre 2023, Fascicolo sanitario elettronico 2.0 (2023): Consent to consultation, masking, access log, notifications and emergency access rules for the FSE.
Strain and split context, not scored
Doctors per 10,000
53.1 2023 · OECD 4 of 38
Nurses and midwives per 10,000
71.0 2023 · OECD 25 of 38
Private insurance + out-of-pocket
26.0% 2023 · OECD 14 of 35
Record reaches private care?
partial
"In Sardinia only about 90 private accredited facilities fed the FSE at 30 April 2026."
Published stories
2025-12-18 · Garante per la protezione dei dati personali Clinic warned after sending a patient's test report to the wrong email address
2025-03-13 · Garante per la protezione dei dati personali Private clinic warned after a patient's full medical file was lost in archiving
In 2026, Italy scored 63 of 100 on a person's right to see, control and share their own health record, rank 11= of 198 countries (likely range 5 to 31) (Mixed; who holds the keys: Shared). Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of 2026-10-02, https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/ITA/
SuperTruth Inc. · 24 S. 24th St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA · +1 215 918 4140 · supertruth.ai Questions, corrections or a briefing: supertruth.ai/on-the-record#contact · Full index: healthrecordrights.com
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (38 mostly high-income countries). DTI: SuperTruth's Data Trust Index, grading the evidence behind each score. Everything here comes from public information: laws, government and regulator pages, court decisions, published news, WHO, OECD and World Bank data. Full sources: https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/ITA/#sources. SuperTruth built this index and sells health data verification products; no one paid to be included. Research tool, not legal advice. Text and scores CC BY 4.0.
