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Minnesota and North Carolina: health record laws compared
Minnesota and North Carolina, side by side on the seven questions, with the laws read October 3, 2026. They give different answers on health data outside HIPAA, getting a copy, health information exchange, genetic records, right to sue and AI in care, and the same answer on everything else.
The seven questions, side by side
"Differs" marks a question where the answers are not the same; "same" marks one where they are. "Can't compare" means at least one answer was not checked; a not-checked answer is not a no. Where a question has a map, the small square shows the color each column has on it. Two squares can match where the answers differ: the maps draw "no law found" and "a law with none of the rules" alike. Each citation opens that state's page, with the law quoted, dated and linked. There is no total and no rank: the questions are on different scales, and some have no best answer.
| Question | Minnesota | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| Health data outside HIPAADo apps and wearables need your OK before sharing health data?differs | Opt-inYes, at least for some businesses. A law in force requires your OK before they use or share your health data (opt-in).Minn. Stat. 325M.16, subd. 2(d); Minn. Stat. 325M.11(v) | No law foundWe searched the official code and found none.How we searched |
| Getting a copyDo you get a copy faster or free in some cases?differs | Free copy in some casesIn one way: a free copy in at least one case.Minn. Stat. 144.292, subd. 6; Minn. Stat. 144.292, subd. 6(d) | NeitherNo. A law is in force, but it adds nothing to HIPAA's terms.N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-411 |
| Health information exchangeCan you say no to sharing through a health information exchange (a network that passes records between doctors)?differs | Opt-inOpt-in. Your records go through the exchange only after you agree.Minn. Stat. 144.293, subd. 2; Minn. Stat. 144.293, subd. 8 | Opt-outOpt-out. Your records go through the exchange unless you say no, and there is a published way to say no.N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-414.10; N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-414.11(a)(2) |
| Are some sensitive records, like mental health or HIV, given extra rules? These answers record whether a rule exists and what it says. They say nothing about whether any care is legal or available. | ||
| Reproductive health recordssame | Has a ruleYes. A law in force has a specific rule on keeping these records confidential or on who may see them.Minn. Stat. 144.2935, subd. 2 | Has a ruleYes. A law in force has a specific rule on keeping these records confidential or on who may see them.N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-21.93(g) |
| Mental health recordssame | Has a ruleYes. A law in force has a specific rule on keeping these records confidential or on who may see them.Another law is signed and takes effect January 1, 2028.Minn. Stat. 144.294, subd. 3; Laws 2026, c. 121, art. 8, s. 2 | Has a ruleYes. A law in force has a specific rule on keeping these records confidential or on who may see them.N.C. Gen. Stat. 122C-52(c) |
| HIV recordssame | Has a ruleYes. A law in force has a specific rule on keeping these records confidential or on who may see them.Minn. Stat. 611A.19, subd. 2 | Has a ruleYes. A law in force has a specific rule on keeping these records confidential or on who may see them.N.C. Gen. Stat. 130A-143; 10A NCAC 41A .0101(b) |
| Genetic recordsdiffers | Has a ruleYes. A law in force has a specific rule on keeping these records confidential or on who may see them.Minn. Stat. 13.386, subd. 3; Minn. Stat. 325F.995, subd. 2 | No law foundWe searched the official code and found none.How we searched |
| Right to sueCan you sue if your records are misused?differs | Yes, in generalYes. You can sue over unlawful collection, use or sharing of medical records or health data in general.Minn. Stat. 144.298, subd. 2; Minn. Stat. 325M.20(d) | Narrow case onlyOnly in a narrow case, such as a data breach or one kind of record. The laws below say which.N.C. Gen. Stat. 75-65(i); N.C. Gen. Stat. 75-16 |
| Breach noticeMust you be told if health data leaks in a breach?same | NeitherNo. The breach notice law covers neither medical nor health insurance information.Minn. Stat. 325E.61, subd. 1(e) | NeitherNo. The breach notice law covers neither medical nor health insurance information.N.C. Gen. Stat. 75-61(10); N.C. Gen. Stat. 14-113.20(b) |
| AI in careAre there rules for AI used in your care?differs | Signed; in force from January 1, 2027Not yet. A law is signed and takes effect January 1, 2027. Until then, none is in force.Laws 2026, c. 124, art. 3, s. 6; Minn. Stat. 62M.09, subd. 3(f) | No law foundWe searched the official code and found none.How we searched |
Not legal advice. This records what each law said on the date we read it. Laws and court orders change. State laws add to the federal floor. The United States score in the world index rates only federal law and national systems, so these state profiles do not change it.
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Health Record Rights Index by SuperTruth. Research tool, not legal advice. Text CC BY 4.0.