Health Record Rights Index · country brief · this country's data as of October 2, 2026
Who holds the health record in Italy?
In 2026, Italy scores 63 out of 100 for how much say a person has over their own health record. It is tied for 11th of 198 countries and territories, and could rank anywhere from 5th to 31st allowing for scoring error, in the Mixed band (45 to 64). Who holds the keys: you and the health system. Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of October 2, 2026.
The person has real controls inside a government or provider system. Its strongest right, compared with the typical country, is control over who sees it (72 out of 100, against 30 for the typical country). No right falls below the typical country; the closest to it is your say over research use (50 out of 100, against 46 for the typical country).
Italians can hide documents and read who opened their regional record, but fewer than half let doctors see it.
Published · updated · this country's data as of October 2, 2026 · research tool, not legal advice
overall score · Mixed band, 45 to 64
63/100
rank among 198 countries and territories; likely 5th to 31st, allowing for scoring error
In 2026, getting your full record scores 68 out of 100 in Italy; the typical country scores 40 to 45. Law 24/2017 obliges providers to release records within seven days, and every regional FSE shows lab, discharge and ER reports. Italy scored 84.1 on the EU record-access indicator (EU 82.7), but the full hospital chart is online in only 6 of 21 regions. Source: Gazzetta Ufficiale, March 17, 2017, and the other sources below.
Who controls health records in Italy?
In 2026, you and the health system hold the keys to your health record in Italy. Control over who sees it scores 72 out of 100 in Italy; the typical country scores 30. Clinicians may consult the FSE only after the patient gives explicit, revocable consent, and patients can hide any document online and read the access log, both available in all 21 regions. Documents still flow into the FSE automatically without consent. Source: gazzettaufficiale.it, October 24, 2023, and the other sources below.
How does Italy compare?
In 2026, Italy scores 63 out of 100, against 39 for the typical country. This brief compares it with Belgium (63 out of 100), Germany (63 out of 100) and Turkey (63 out of 100). Source: the ranking of all 198 countries and territories.
Eight rights, compared with Belgium, Germany, Turkey, the typical EU country and the typical country
Scores out of 100, by right
Getting your full record20%
68
68 · 64 · 74
Control over who sees it20%
72
72 · 66 · 62
Privacy and security15%
56
54 · 58 · 50
One record across your care15%
66
68 · 66 · 80
Protection from sale and ads10%
60
54 · 70 · 55
Doctors see it when treating you10%
50
62 · 62 · 64
Your say over research use5%
50
49 · 50 · 44
Rules for AI in your care5%
54
50 · 50 · 50
Black dot: Italy. Hollow dots: Belgium, Germany, Turkey (scores out of 100 on the right, same order). Gray line: the typical country of all 198. Dashed teal line: the typical EU country. Overall: Italy 63 out of 100, the typical EU country 61. Scores move in steps of about 5 points, so read a rank with its likely range.
What would Italy need to change to score higher?
Italy sits in Mixed (45 to 64); Strong starts at 65. Every right is at or above the typical country. The two with the most room to grow, weighted by how much each counts, are privacy and security (56 out of 100, against 45 for the typical country) and getting your full record (68 out of 100, against 40 to 45 for the typical country). Our scoring rules give more points for:
Privacy and security: A health data regulator that is independent and actually acts: it decides cases about health records, breaches must be reported, and fines are applied.
Getting your full record: A national portal that shows most people at least part of their record (a summary, prescriptions, lab results) puts this right at 60 to 75 out of 100. A near-full record that you can download, with a long history and used by most people, puts it at 76 to 90.
Which laws give health record rights in Italy?
Legge 8 marzo 2017, n. 24 (Gelli-Bianco), art. 4: Facilities must supply the patient's records within seven days, additions within 30 days.
Decreto-legge 18 ottobre 2012, n. 179, art. 12, as amended by DL 19 maggio 2020, n. 34, art. 11: Creates the FSE; since 2020 it is fed continuously by all treating professionals.
Decreto 7 settembre 2023, Fascicolo sanitario elettronico 2.0: Consent to consultation, masking, access log, notifications and emergency access rules for the FSE.
Doctors, waits and private care context, not part of the score
Doctors per 10,000
53.1 2023 · 4th highest of 38 OECD countries
Nurses and midwives per 10,000
71.0 2023 · 25th highest of 38 OECD countries
Private insurance + out-of-pocket
26.0% 2023 · 14th highest of 35 OECD countries
Record reaches private care?
partly
"In Sardinia only about 90 private accredited facilities fed the FSE at 30 April 2026."
Real cases
December 18, 2025 · Garante per la protezione dei dati personali · archived copy Clinic warned after sending a patient's test report to the wrong email address
March 13, 2025 · Garante per la protezione dei dati personali · archived copy Private clinic warned after a patient's full medical file was lost in archiving
In 2026, Italy scored 63 out of 100 for how much say a person has over their own health record, tied for 11th of 198 countries and territories (could be 5th to 31st), in the Mixed band. Who holds the keys: you and the health system. Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of October 2, 2026, https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/italy/
The 16 sources for Italy
Each source appears once, under the first right it supports. Titles are shown as our research agents recorded them, usually in the page's own language; text in square brackets is our machine translation. Links were checked on the date shown.
Getting your full record (4 sources)
“Legge 8 marzo 2017, n. 24 (Gelli-Bianco), art. 4” [Law of 8 March 2017, no. 24 (Gelli-Bianco), art. 4] our machine translation
Gazzetta Ufficiale [Official Gazette] (law or regulation) · Title in Italian
Dated March 17, 2017 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
“Decreto 7 settembre 2023, Fascicolo sanitario elettronico 2.0 (Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 249)” [Decree of 7 September 2023, Electronic Health Record 2.0 (Official Gazette no. 249)] our machine translation
gazzettaufficiale.it (law or regulation) · Title in Italian
Dated October 24, 2023 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Getting your full record; Control over who sees it; Doctors see it when treating you
“Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali, testo coordinato V 12.0” [Personal Data Protection Code, consolidated text V 12.0] our machine translation
Garante Privacy (law or regulation) · Title in Italian
Dated April 2026 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Privacy and security; Protection from sale and ads; Your say over research use
“Newsletter n. 551 dell'11 settembre 2026: Azienda sanitaria di Udine sanzionata per 24mila euro” [Newsletter no. 551 of 11 September 2026: Udine health authority fined 24 thousand euros] our machine translation
Garante Privacy (regulator) · Title in Italian
Dated September 11, 2026 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
“Adozione e utilizzo da parte della Regione Sardegna del FSE, relazione” [Adoption and use of the FSE by the Sardinia Region, report] our machine translation
Corte dei conti, Sezione di controllo Sardegna, delibera 373/2026 [Court of Auditors, Sardinia Audit Section, resolution 373/2026] (court) · Title in Italian
No date recorded · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
“Legge 7 dicembre 2023, n. 193, diritto all'oblio oncologico” [Law of 7 December 2023, no. 193, right to be forgotten for cancer survivors] our machine translation
Gazzetta Ufficiale [Official Gazette] (law or regulation) · Title in Italian
Dated December 18, 2023 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
“Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132, disposizioni in materia di intelligenza artificiale” [Law of 23 September 2025, no. 132, provisions on artificial intelligence] our machine translation
Gazzetta Ufficiale [Official Gazette] (law or regulation) · Title in Italian
Dated September 25, 2025 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Protection from sale and ads; Your say over research use; Rules for AI in your care
“Assistenza primaria: al via la sperimentazione nazionale della Piattaforma di Intelligenza Artificiale” [Primary care: national trial of the Artificial Intelligence Platform gets under way] our machine translation
Panorama della Sanità (news) · Title in Italian
Dated November 17, 2025 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
SuperTruth Inc. · 24 S. 24th St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA · +1 215 918 4140 · supertruth.ai Something wrong? Tell us · Questions or a briefing: supertruth.ai/on-the-record#contact · Full index: healthrecordrights.com
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (38 mostly high-income countries). DTI™: the Data Trust Index, which grades the evidence behind each score. SuperTruth makes it and publishes this index. Everything here comes from public information: laws, government and regulator pages, court decisions, published news, WHO, OECD and World Bank data. Full sources: https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/italy/#sources. SuperTruth built this index and sells health data verification products; no one paid to be included. Research tool, not legal advice. Our scores and our own words are CC BY 4.0; quoted law and source titles stay with their owners.
