Health Record Rights Index · country brief · this country's data as of October 1, 2026
Who holds the health record in Serbia?
In 2026, Serbia scores 55 out of 100 for how much say a person has over their own health record. It is tied for 40th of 198 countries and territories, and could rank anywhere from 23rd to 51st allowing for scoring error, in the Mixed band (45 to 64). Who holds the keys: you and the health system. Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of October 1, 2026.
The person has real controls inside a government or provider system. Its strongest right, compared with the typical country, is control over who sees it (60 out of 100, against 30 for the typical country). No right falls below the typical country; the closest to it is your say over research use (46 out of 100, against 46 for the typical country).
Serbs can see labs, scans and an access log in the eZdravlje portal, but the central eKarton began in 2026 and private care sits outside.
Published · updated · this country's data as of October 1, 2026 · research tool, not legal advice
overall score · Mixed band, 45 to 64
55/100
rank among 198 countries and territories; likely 23rd to 51st, allowing for scoring error
Low confidence. Thin evidence on 4 of the 8 rights: your copy, joined-up record, doctors see it and research. The evidence grade rates all our sources together; confidence looks at each right. Neither changes the score.
Questions people ask
Can I see my health record in Serbia?
In 2026, getting your full record scores 62 out of 100 in Serbia; the typical country scores 40 to 45. Serbian law gives a right to see and copy the medical record, and the state eZdravlje portal shows doctors' reports, lab results, radiology images and e-prescriptions. Source: paragraf.rs, 2013, and the other sources below.
Who controls health records in Serbia?
In 2026, you and the health system hold the keys to your health record in Serbia. Control over who sees it scores 60 out of 100 in Serbia; the typical country scores 30. Only the chosen doctor, referred specialists and emergency staff may open the eKarton by law; other clinicians need the patient's consent, and the portal logs every access. Source: paragraf.rs, 2023, and the other sources below.
How does Serbia compare?
In 2026, Serbia scores 55 out of 100, against 39 for the typical country. This brief compares it with Cyprus (55 out of 100), San Marino (55 out of 100) and Switzerland (54 out of 100). Source: the ranking of all 198 countries and territories.
Eight rights, compared with Cyprus, San Marino, Switzerland, the typical EU country and the typical country
Scores out of 100, by right
Getting your full record20%
62
64 · 70 · 55
Control over who sees it20%
60
46 · 55 · 60
Privacy and security15%
46
58 · 52 · 60
One record across your care15%
64
58 · 56 · 40
Protection from sale and ads10%
46
54 · 50 · 58
Doctors see it when treating you10%
55
55 · 48 · 38
Your say over research use5%
46
45 · 46 · 66
Rules for AI in your care5%
40
50 · 40 · 56
Black dot: Serbia. Hollow dots: Cyprus, San Marino, Switzerland (scores out of 100 on the right, same order). Gray line: the typical country of all 198. Dashed teal line: the typical EU country. Overall: Serbia 55 out of 100, the typical EU country 61. Scores move in steps of about 5 points, so read a rank with its likely range.
What would Serbia need to change to score higher?
Serbia sits in Mixed (45 to 64); Strong starts at 65. Every right is at or above the typical country. The two with the most room to grow, weighted by how much each counts, are privacy and security (46 out of 100, against 45 for the typical country) and control over who sees it (60 out of 100, against 30 for the typical country). Our scoring rules give more points for:
Privacy and security: A health data regulator that is independent and actually acts: it decides cases about health records, breaches must be reported, and fines are applied.
Control over who sees it: A way to say no to sharing (or to be asked first), a log you can read of who opened your record, and finer choices about who sees what. Together these put this right at 60 to 80 out of 100.
Which laws give health record rights in Serbia?
Zakon o pravima pacijenata (Sl. glasnik RS 45/2013): Right to see the record and get a copy at own cost; written consent for research.
Zakon o zastiti podataka o licnosti (Sl. glasnik RS 87/2018): GDPR-style law; health data special category; 72-hour breach notice; fines up to RSD 2 million.
Zakon o zdravstvenoj dokumentaciji i evidencijama u oblasti zdravstva (Sl. glasnik RS 92/2023): Creates eKarton and genetic register, sets clinician access and consent rules for research reuse.
Doctors, waits and private care context, not part of the score
Doctors per 10,000
32.1 2023
Nurses and midwives per 10,000
70.2 2023
Private insurance + out-of-pocket
33.3% 2023
Record reaches private care?
unknown
Real cases
April 3, 2026 · Danas Thousands of patients' medical reports from a private clinic appear on the dark web
August 18, 2026 · Srpske Novine (srpske.rs) Forum claim says national health insurer database was breached; insurer cannot yet confirm
In 2026, Serbia scored 55 out of 100 for how much say a person has over their own health record, tied for 40th of 198 countries and territories (could be 23rd to 51st), in the Mixed band. Who holds the keys: you and the health system. Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of October 1, 2026, https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/serbia/
The 16 sources for Serbia
Each source appears once, under the first right it supports. Titles are shown as our research agents recorded them, usually in the page's own language; text in square brackets is our machine translation. Links were checked on the date shown.
Getting your full record (4 sources)
“Zakon o pravima pacijenata (Sl. glasnik RS 45/2013, 25/2019)” [Law on Patients' Rights (Official Gazette of RS 45/2013, 25/2019)] our machine translation
paragraf.rs (law or regulation) · Title in Serbian
Dated 2013 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Getting your full record; Your say over research use
“Zakon o zastiti podataka o licnosti (Sl. glasnik RS 87/2018)” [Law on Personal Data Protection (Official Gazette of RS 87/2018)] our machine translation
paragraf.rs (law or regulation) · Title in Serbian
Dated 2018 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Getting your full record; Privacy and security; Protection from sale and ads
“Brojevi koji govore: o rastu i znacaju portala eZdravlje” [Numbers that speak: on the growth and importance of the eZdravlje portal] our machine translation
Ministarstvo zdravlja [Ministry of Health] (government guidance) · Title in Serbian
Dated May 31, 2025 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Getting your full record; One record across your care
“Zakon o zdravstvenoj dokumentaciji i evidencijama u oblasti zdravstva (Sl. glasnik RS 92/2023)” [Law on Health Documentation and Records in the Field of Health (Official Gazette of RS 92/2023)] our machine translation
paragraf.rs (law or regulation) · Title in Serbian
Dated 2023 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Control over who sees it; Protection from sale and ads; Doctors see it when treating you; Your say over research use
“Pravilnik o e-kartonu, licnom zdravstvenom broju i dostavljanju podataka na licni zahtev pacijenta (Sl. glasnik RS 45/2025)” [Rulebook on the e-record, personal health number and provision of data at the patient's personal request (Official Gazette RS 45/2025)] our machine translation
demo.paragraf.rs (law or regulation) · Title in Serbian
Dated 2025 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
“U elektronske kartone uvid ce imati i drzavni i privatni lekari” [Both public and private doctors will have access to electronic records] our machine translation
N1 (news) · Title in Serbian
Dated March 2, 2026 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
“Hakovani podaci vise hiljada korisnika privatne klinike u Beogradu” [Data of several thousand users of a private clinic in Belgrade hacked] our machine translation
Radio Slobodna Evropa [Radio Free Europe] (news) · Title in Serbian
Dated April 2, 2026 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
SuperTruth Inc. · 24 S. 24th St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA · +1 215 918 4140 · supertruth.ai Something wrong? Tell us · Questions or a briefing: supertruth.ai/on-the-record#contact · Full index: healthrecordrights.com
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (38 mostly high-income countries). DTI™: the Data Trust Index, which grades the evidence behind each score. SuperTruth makes it and publishes this index. Everything here comes from public information: laws, government and regulator pages, court decisions, published news, WHO, OECD and World Bank data. Full sources: https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/serbia/#sources. SuperTruth built this index and sells health data verification products; no one paid to be included. Research tool, not legal advice. Our scores and our own words are CC BY 4.0; quoted law and source titles stay with their owners.
