Health Record Rights Index · country brief · this country's data as of October 1, 2026
Who holds the health record in Montenegro?
In 2026, Montenegro scores 44 out of 100 for how much say a person has over their own health record. It is tied for 76th of 198 countries and territories, and could rank anywhere from 56th to 99th allowing for scoring error, in the Weak band (25 to 44). Who holds the keys: doctors, hospitals and insurers. Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of October 1, 2026.
Doctors, hospitals and insurers decide. Its strongest right, compared with the typical country, is rules for AI in your care (50 out of 100, against 30 for the typical country). The furthest behind is privacy and security (40 out of 100, against 45 for the typical country).
Montenegrins see prescriptions and lab results online, but the 2026 central record still awaits the agency meant to run it, and patients cannot limit sharing.
Published · updated · this country's data as of October 1, 2026 · research tool, not legal advice
overall score · Weak band, 25 to 44
44/100
rank among 198 countries and territories; likely 56th to 99th, allowing for scoring error
Low confidence. Thin evidence on 4 of the 8 rights: your copy, privacy, doctors see it and AI rules. The evidence grade rates all our sources together; confidence looks at each right. Neither changes the score.
Questions people ask
Can I see my health record in Montenegro?
In 2026, getting your full record scores 60 out of 100 in Montenegro; the typical country scores 40 to 45. The 2010 patient rights law gives a right to see and copy the record, at the patient's cost and with no deadline. Source: Paragraf Lex, 2010, and the other sources below.
Who controls health records in Montenegro?
In 2026, doctors, hospitals and insurers hold the keys to your health record in Montenegro. Control over who sees it scores 28 out of 100 in Montenegro; the typical country scores 30. By law, record data flows automatically into a central record held by the Ministry of Health, and treating clinicians may open it. No opt-out, no patient restriction tool and no access log visible to patients was found. Source: Skupstina Crne Gore, March 2, 2026, and the other sources below.
How does Montenegro compare?
In 2026, Montenegro scores 44 out of 100, against 39 for the typical country. This brief compares it with Bosnia and Herzegovina (44 out of 100), Monaco (43 out of 100) and North Macedonia (45 out of 100). Source: the ranking of all 198 countries and territories.
Eight rights, compared with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Monaco, North Macedonia, the typical EU country and the typical country
Scores out of 100, by right
Getting your full record20%
60
50 · 50 · 60
Control over who sees it20%
28
32 · 35 · 28
Privacy and security15%
40
52 · 58 · 42
One record across your care15%
50
45 · 32 · 52
Protection from sale and ads10%
40
50 · 52 · 48
Doctors see it when treating you10%
42
42 · 35 · 50
Your say over research use5%
49
49 · 46 · 46
Rules for AI in your care5%
50
30 · 38 · 30
Black dot: Montenegro. Hollow dots: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Monaco, North Macedonia (scores out of 100 on the right, same order). Gray line: the typical country of all 198. Dashed teal line: the typical EU country. Overall: Montenegro 44 out of 100, the typical EU country 61. Scores move in steps of about 5 points, so read a rank with its likely range.
What would Montenegro need to change to score higher?
Montenegro sits in Weak (25 to 44); Mixed starts at 45. Its two weakest rights, compared with the typical country and weighted by how much each counts, are privacy and security (40 out of 100, against 45 for the typical country) and protection from sale and ads (40 out of 100, against 45 for the typical country). Our scoring rules give more points for:
Privacy and security: A health data regulator that is independent and actually acts: it decides cases about health records, breaches must be reported, and fines are applied.
Protection from sale and ads: Clear limits on selling health data or using it for ads, covering apps and data brokers as well as doctors and hospitals.
Which laws give health record rights in Montenegro?
Zakon o upravljanju podacima u oblasti zdravstva i digitalnom zdravlju (Sl. list CG 31/2026): Creates central EZK, IZIS duties, Digital Health Agency, pseudonymised secondary use and health AI principles.
Zakon o pravima pacijenata (Sl. list CG 40/10, 40/11) (2010): Right to view and copy records at own cost; written, revocable consent for research.
Zakon o zdravstvenoj zastiti (2025): Electronic records in IZIS, professional secrecy; IZIS articles apply two years after entry into force.
Doctors, waits and private care context, not part of the score
Doctors per 10,000
27.9 2024
Nurses and midwives per 10,000
59.7 2024
Private insurance + out-of-pocket
27.4% 2023
Record reaches private care?
unknown
Real cases
October 31, 2025 · Portal ETV (from Pobjeda) · archived copy Ombudsman holds hospital responsible after a patient's medical report surfaced in court
September 24, 2026 · CdM · archived copy Regulator orders hospital to stop filming patients in waiting areas and delete footage
In 2026, Montenegro scored 44 out of 100 for how much say a person has over their own health record, tied for 76th of 198 countries and territories (could be 56th to 99th), in the Weak band. Who holds the keys: doctors, hospitals and insurers. Source: Health Record Rights Index, SuperTruth, this country's data as of October 1, 2026, https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/montenegro/
The 13 sources for Montenegro
Each source appears once, under the first right it supports. Titles are shown as our research agents recorded them, usually in the page's own language; text in square brackets is our machine translation. Links were checked on the date shown.
Getting your full record (4 sources)
“Zakon o pravima pacijenata (Sl. list CG 40/10, 40/11)” [Law on Patients' Rights (Official Gazette of Montenegro 40/10, 40/11)] our machine translation
Paragraf Lex (law or regulation) · Title in Montenegrin
Dated 2010 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Getting your full record; Control over who sees it; Your say over research use
“Zakon o upravljanju podacima u oblasti zdravstva i digitalnom zdravlju (Sl. list CG 31/2026)” [Law on Data Management in the Field of Health and on Digital Health (Official Gazette of Montenegro 31/2026)] our machine translation
Skupstina Crne Gore [Parliament of Montenegro] (law or regulation) · Title in Montenegrin
Dated March 2, 2026 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
Used for: Getting your full record; Control over who sees it; Protection from sale and ads; Doctors see it when treating you; Your say over research use; Rules for AI in your care
“Misljenje i preporuke Zastitnika ljudskih prava, br. 01-253/25 (Klinicki centar Crne Gore)” [Opinion and recommendations of the Protector of Human Rights, No. 01-253/25 (Clinical Centre of Montenegro)] our machine translation
ombudsman.co.me (regulator) · Title in Montenegrin
Dated May 27, 2025 · Link checked October 2, 2026 (opened)
SuperTruth Inc. · 24 S. 24th St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA · +1 215 918 4140 · supertruth.ai Something wrong? Tell us · Questions or a briefing: supertruth.ai/on-the-record#contact · Full index: healthrecordrights.com
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (38 mostly high-income countries). DTI™: the Data Trust Index, which grades the evidence behind each score. SuperTruth makes it and publishes this index. Everything here comes from public information: laws, government and regulator pages, court decisions, published news, WHO, OECD and World Bank data. Full sources: https://healthrecordrights.com/brief/montenegro/#sources. SuperTruth built this index and sells health data verification products; no one paid to be included. Research tool, not legal advice. Our scores and our own words are CC BY 4.0; quoted law and source titles stay with their owners.
